corresp
August 31, 2006
Via FedEx: 7915.3967.4830
Via EDGAR
Securities and Exchange Commission
One Solution Place
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549-4561
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Attn:
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Chris White |
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Craig Wilson |
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Re:
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Network Appliance, Inc. |
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Review of Form 10-K
for the fiscal year
ended April 30, 2005,
and fiscal year ended
April 30, 2006 |
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and Forms 8-K, filed
August 17, 2005,
November 16, 2005,
February 15, 2006, and
May 24, 2006 |
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File No. 000-27130 |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Network Appliance (the Company) submits this letter in response to comments from the Staff
of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Staff) received by letter dated July 28, 2006
relating to the Companys Forms 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2005, and fiscal year
ended April 30, 2006, and Forms 8-K filed on August 17, 2005, November 16, 2005, February 15, 2006,
and May 24, 2006.
In this letter, we have recited the comments from the Staff in italicized, bold type and have
followed each comment with the Companys response.
Page 1
Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2006
Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Finance Condition and Results of
Operations
Overview, page 34
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1. |
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We note your response to prior comment number 1, which states, the key indicators
of financial condition and operating performance disclosed in its Form 10-K include many
of the same indicators management reviews in assessing the financial performance of its
business and discusses in its analyst calls and investors presentations. In preparing
MD&A, financial measures generally are the starting point in understanding your key
variables and other factors impacting the business. In your Management Discussion Section
of the Fourth Quarter 2006 Earnings Call, dated May 24, 2006, you disclosed non-financial
key indicators of operating performance that you have not disclosed in your Form 10-K. In
that discussion your CEO addresses non-financial indicators such as the increase in total
units shipped, average capacity and the amount of petabytes of storage shipped. Tell us
what consideration you gave to disclosure of these non-financial key variables and factors
used to manage your business. Disclosure would be required in your periodic reports if
this is material information to investors. See Section III.B.1 of SEC Release 33-8350,
Commission Guidance Regarding Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations. |
The Company advises the Staff that we have considered Section III.B.1 of SEC Release 38-8350,
Commission Guidance Regarding Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations. On our Fourth Quarter 2006 Earnings Call, our CEO discussed several
metrics including increases in units shipped and capacity increases for several of our
products. Although we do not consider these metrics to be key indicators of our business, we
do believe these metrics may provide further perspective and detail to our financial results.
The Company will continue to assess the significance of these and other variables and metrics
and will disclose such factors in future filings, beginning with our 10-Q for the period ended
July 31, 2006 as required by SEC rules and guidance.
Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies, page 36
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We note your response to prior comment number 2 and reissue and clarify the comment.
Your critical accounting policies should describe more fully your estimates and
assumptions that are highly uncertain or susceptible to change and the related material
impact on financial condition or operating performance. For example, your valuation of
goodwill and intangibles disclosure on page 38 states, The allocation process requires
extensive use of estimates and assumptions, including estimates of future cash flows
expected to be generated by the acquired assets. Your disclosure of such estimates and
assumptions should discuss why they bear risk of change, how you arrived at |
Page 2
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the estimate, accuracy of the estimate/assumption in the past, how they have changed, and reasonably
likely future changes. It appears that you also use estimates and assumptions of future
taxable earnings to determine the adequacy of your deferred tax assets and to determine
your restructuring accrual. Please tell us the estimates and assumptions that are highly
uncertain or susceptible to change that you have identified and how you plan to address
any revision to disclosure to comply with Financial Reporting Release No. 60 and SEC
Release 33-8350, Section V. |
The Company requests that the Staff review Appendix A for the Companys response. To
facilitate the Staffs review, in the Appendix we have displayed our Critical Accounting
Estimates and Policies in a matrix format to address why these estimates bear risk of change,
how the Company arrived at these estimates, the accuracy of estimates in the past, how the
estimates changed and reasonably likely future changes to these estimates. Planned revisions
are shown as underlined. The Company proposes to include these revised Critical Accounting
Estimates and Policies beginning in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 28, 2006. Please
note that the discussion regarding Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation has also been
updated to reflect the adoption of SFAS 123(R) in this quarter.
New Accounting Standards, page 41
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We note your response to prior comment number 3 regarding the impact of implementing
SFAS 123R. Your response states, We are still assessing the impact and will complete the
assessment at the end of our first fiscal quarter of 2007. We further note you have
disclosed the impact of implementing SFAS 123R on your first quarter of 2007 on page 43.
Clarify whether you have estimated the quantitative impact the standard is expected to
have on your financial statements for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2007. In this
respect, we note your fiscal year 2007 outlook discussed in your Form 8-K filed on May 24,
2006, which provides earnings guidance for your year ended 2007. |
The Company advises the Staff that in the annual guidance provided in our fiscal 2007 outlook,
we noted the difficulty of estimating stock compensation expense for the year given the
unpredictable nature of variables such as the Companys stock price, number of options to be
granted, volatility and associated income tax impacts. Therefore, we estimated a target range
based upon assumptions existing at the time of the guidance. Given the close proximity of the
first quarter relative to May 24, 2006, we were able to provide a more accurate estimate of
the impact of adoption of SFAS 123(R) on our first quarter earnings which we disclosed in our
Form 10-K than for our full fiscal year 2007. We have now finalized our analysis of the impact
of SFAS 123(R) on our fiscal year 2007 projections and will include the estimate in our Form
10-Q for the quarter ended July 28, 2006.
Page 3
Results of Operations
Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005, page 44
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Your response to prior comment number 4 states you will continue to evaluate and
disclose as appropriate the quantification of positive and negative factors affecting
revenues. Your disclosure states product revenues were favorably affected by increased
revenues from current products and the introduction of new products. Your disclosure also
states product revenues were negatively affected by lower-cost-per-megabyte disks and
declining average selling prices and units shipped of your older products. However, your
disclosure does not quantify the impact of the favorable and negative factors that affect
product revenues. Therefore we reissue the portion of prior comment number 4 which
requests you to quantify the extent, to which increases in revenues are attributable to
increases in prices, the volume of goods or services being sold, or to the introduction of
new products or services. We refer you to Regulation S-K, Item 303(a)(3)(iii). |
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The Company advises the staff that it will further enhance its disclosures to describe
changes in revenue beginning with its Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 28, 2006. Our
disclosure will quantify the impact of meaningful favorable and negative factors affecting
product revenues. Some of the factors we will consider for quantifying include: |
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Revenue increases due to new products |
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Revenue increases due to unit and volume increases |
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Revenue changes due to pricing and configurations on existing products |
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Revenue changes due to sales to indirect channels |
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Impact of lower cost-per-megabyte disks |
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Decreases in revenue on products no longer shipped |
Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies
Revenue Recognition and Allowance, page 65
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5. |
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We note the portion of your response to prior comment number 6 which indicates your
server and storage device are in the scope of SOP 97-2. That is, your response concludes
[Y]our firmware and operating software are essential to the functionality of [y]our
storage devices. Accordingly, [you] believe that SOP 97-2 applies to the hardware servers
and storage devices [you] sell. Clarify whether you have concluded that your software is
essential to the functionality of your server. As part of your response, tell us whether
the server has substantive functionality without the software. In addition, clarify how
you have determined your software is essential to the functionality of your storage
device. Tell us whether the storage device has substantive functionality without the
software. |
Page 4
The Company advises the Staff that with regard to both our servers and storage devices, our
proprietary operating system software, or microcode is essential to the functionality of both our
server and our storage devices.
As is relates to our servers, which are effectively appliances that perform uniquely due to our
patented ONTAP WAFL (write anywhere file layout) microcode required to operate the system, the
hardware is not useful for the purpose designed without such microcode.
While it is theoretically possible for the server to be used without this microcode, it would
require significant research and development effort to develop or customize another operating
system to operate the server as intended as a storage device. Our proprietary microcode does not
provide support for running other third-party applications. Additionally, the custom hardware
design would make it difficult and uneconomical for our server to function as a general purpose
server. Therefore, our server does not have substantive functionality without our operating
software.
We commonly refer to the hardware component of our server as the filer head that operates as a
unique appliance to store and manage data only when our specialized storage devices have been
connected and both are running with our proprietary operating system. The functionality and
feature set provided by the combination of our server, our software and our storage devices is what
we refer to as of appliance simplicity, one of our key marketing strategies, and it is this value
proposition that contributes to margins significantly higher than a general purpose device.
Additionally, our proprietary operating system software is not general purpose and does not run
on other vendors hardware.
Regarding our storage devices, as previously noted, our proprietary firmware is required to allow
our storage devices to operate with our servers. This firmware, which is built into the storage
device, makes the device only compatible with our server. i.e., it cannot be connected to a
competitors server or otherwise connected to a customers network. Likewise, the disk drives
inside the storage device are customized to our specifications and will only operate within our
storage device; they cannot be removed and used outside of the storage device. The storage devices
functionality is dependent on both our firmware and our operating software which allows the server
to access the storage capacity of the device. Therefore, the storage device does not have
substantive functionality without our operating software.
Accordingly, we have referenced EITF 03-5 and concluded that because the software is essential to
the functionality of the hardware, the hardware should be considered software related and therefore
subject to the provisions of SOP 97-2.
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We note the portion of your response to prior comment number 6 which indicates
hardware installation services are not in the scope of SOP 97-2. We note your conclusion
is based on the fact that software is not essential to the functionality of the
installation service. Tell us how your separation of the |
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installation services as a
separate unit of accounting complies with EITF 00-21. As part of your response, clarify
how you have determined there is objective and reliable evidence of fair value of the
hardware installation services; we refer you to paragraph 9 of the EITF 00-21. Further
explain the basis for your revenue and expense recognition and timing for installation
services and reference the authoritative literature supporting your accounting. |
The Company advises the Staff that we did not apply either SOP 97-2 or EITF 00-21 to determine
whether installation services represent a separate unit of accounting because we concluded that the
portion of undelivered services at the time of delivery are considered an inconsequential and
perfunctory obligation under SAB Topic 13. Therefore we did not consider installation services an
element or deliverable in the arrangement. Accordingly, we accrued the cost of performing any
remaining services at the time of delivery of the system in order to match the revenue recognized
at the time.
If one were however to conclude that the installation services represent a deliverable in the
arrangement, the Company would be required to analyze such services under EITF 00-21 to determine
whether it may be accounted for as a separate unit of accounting. Paragraph 9 of EITF 00-21 lists
the following three criteria that have to be met in order for a deliverable to be accounted for as
a separate unit of accounting:
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The delivered item(s) has value to the customer on a standalone basis. That
item(s) has value on a standalone basis if it is sold separately by any vendor or the
customer could resell the delivered item(s) on a standalone basis. In the context of
a customers ability to resell the delivered item(s), the Task Force observed that
this criterion does not require the existence of an observable market for that
deliverable(s). |
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There is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered
item(s). |
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If the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the
delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered
probable and substantially in the control of the vendor. |
We have concluded that our installation services would qualify as a separate unit of accounting
under paragraph 9 of EITF 00-21 because;
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Our system has value on a standalone basis to our customers. We believe the system
has standalone value because we often sell our system without installation services and
some of our customers do resell our systems on a stand-alone basis. |
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We have sufficient objective and reliable evidence of the fair value for the
undelivered portion of the installation services which are performed after the system is
delivered and revenue is recognized. More specifically, as described in our previous
letter of May 31, 2006, 80% or more of the work covered by installation fees is typically
completed prior to shipment; the undelivered installation services at the time revenue is
recognized typically consist of 4 to 8 hours of work performed by our technicians. We
have analyzed the hourly rates we obtain when these support services are sold separately
to establish objective and reliable evidence of fair value for this undelivered element.
(We also note |
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that the use of technicians rates to determine fair value of installation
services is illustrated in Example 7 of EITF 00-21). |
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Lastly, our arrangements do not include general rights of return. |
If we were to defer revenue for the fair value of the undelivered portion of installation services
as opposed to accruing the related costs of these undelivered services at the time of shipment, the
impact would have been less than a $300,000 change to reported revenues, cost of product sold,
operating income, pre-tax income and net income for the year ended April 30, 2005, which in all
cases would have been immaterial. Similarly, these amounts would have been in all cases less than
a $400,000 change for the year ended April 30, 2006, which in all cases would have been immaterial.
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Your response to prior comment number 6 states all of your system sales include a
hardware parts replacement warranty and customers can purchase a hardware service contract
at the end of the warranty term. Tell us how you have determined you are able to reliably
estimate the cost of the warranty provided with the system sale. In addition, tell us how
you consider the provisions of FASB Technical Bulletin 90-1 when accounting for the
hardware service contracts sold at the end of the warranty term. Further, tell us your
consideration of disclosing your accounting for such warranties pursuant to SAB Topic
13.B. |
The Company advises the Staff that all hardware components of our systems sales come with a one or
three-year parts replacement warranty. Under the terms of our standard warranty, we commit to
deliver a replacement part to a customer the next business day; the customer installs the
replacement part and returns the defective item to us. We consider this an obligation under SFAS
No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies and record the related costs at time of sale. We also sell
for an additional fee premium hardware services which provide quicker replacement part delivery
times, on-site technicians to perform the hardware replacements, or both. These premium services
represent additional services, but do not supersede or replace the underlying standard hardware
warranty obligation; accordingly, we defer and amortize the revenue for these premium services and
accrued the costs related to the underlying parts warranty obligation.
Regarding our ability to estimate this obligation, Paragraph 25 of SFAS 5 states, in part:
Satisfaction of the condition in paragraph 8(b)1 will normally depend on the
experience of an enterprise or other information. In the case of an enterprise that has no
experience of its own, reference to the experience of other enterprises in the same
business may be appropriate. Inability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of a
warranty obligation at the time of sale because of significant uncertainty about possible
claims (i.e., failure to satisfy the condition in paragraph 8(b)) precludes accrual and, if
the range of possible loss is wide, may raise a question about whether a sale should be
recorded prior to expiration of the
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Paragraph 8(b) of SFAS No. 5 states The amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. |
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warranty period or until sufficient experience has been
gained to permit a reasonable estimate of the obligation;...
We believe we have sufficient data regarding the historical performance of the components in our
systems to reasonably estimate our standard warranty obligation. We base this conclusion on:
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The design of our hardware is evolutionary; that is, each design builds on the designs
of previous generation products. Therefore, historical performance of older designs has
been and is expected to continue to be representative of newer designs. |
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The greatest proportion of our component failures are disk drive failures; these drives
are covered by warranties by the manufacturers which equal or exceed the terms of our
warranty periods. We return defective drives to these manufacturers in exchange for
replacement drives. As a result, we are able to minimize our exposure to warranty costs
and reduce the complexity of estimating our warranty cost obligations for these items. |
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The other components used in our products, while state-of-the-art, are primarily
standard parts, such as microprocessors and other integrated circuits. While we do
experience an occasional failure of an electronic board containing these components, these
are much less common than drive failures and, based on our experience, we are able to
estimate the level of spare parts needed to support the related warranty obligation for
these items. |
Based on our historic data of component performance, we estimate the quantities of materials
required to support our warranty obligation for systems sold and expense this amount to cost of
revenues in our statement of operations. Because we can reasonably estimate our warranty
obligation, we believe it appropriate to recognize revenue at time of shipment and not upon
expiration of the warranty period.
Customers may choose to purchase hardware service contracts at the end of the one or three-year
warranty terms. We account for these contracts in accordance with FASB Technical Bulletin 90-1,
which states in paragraph 3:
Revenue from separately priced extended warranty and product maintenance contracts should
be deferred and recognized in income on a straight-line basis over the contract period
except in those circumstances in which sufficient historical evidence indicates that the
costs of performing services under the contract are incurred on other than a straight-line
basis. In those circumstances, revenue should be recognized over the contract period in
proportion to the costs expected to be incurred in performing services under the contract.
In our case, we recognize the revenue on a straight-line basis, because we do not have historical
evidence to indicate that the costs to perform the services under the contract are incurred on a
different basis.
Page 8
We will modify our accounting policies disclosure, beginning with our quarterly report on Form
10-Q, to more fully describe how we account for standard versus premium warranty, as follows
(changes from our 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K are marked, also see our response to question 13
regarding other proposed changes to our revenue recognition disclosure):
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Premium hardware maintenance services include contracts for technical
support and minimum response times. Revenue from software subscriptions and
premium hardware maintenance services is recognized ratably over the contractual
term, generally one to three years; standard hardware warranty costs are considered an
obligation under SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies and are expensed to cost of
revenues when revenue is recognized. We also offer extended service contracts (which may
include standard warranty as well as premium hardware maintenance) at the end of the
warranty term; revenues from these contracts are recognized ratably over the contract term.
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8. |
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Your response to prior comment number 7 indicates your separate sales of Software
PCS, Premium Hardware Maintenance/PCS and Storage Reviews/Premium Hardware
Maintenance/PCS are sufficiently concentrated in order to establish VSOE of fair value
for such services (or just fair value in the case of Premium Hardware Maintenance/PCS).
Clarify why you believe that your separate sales are significantly concentrated in order
to establish fair value of these undelivered elements. As part of your response, tell us
how you determined that it is appropriate to establish VSOE on a range of prices. |
The Company advises the Staff that it believes it is appropriate to establish VSOE based on a range
of prices for which the services are sold separately. Authoritative guidance on what constitutes
VSOE is limited. SOP 97-2 provides the following definitions and guidance:
10. If an arrangement includes multiple elements, the fee should be allocated to the
various elements based on vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value, regardless of
any separate prices stated within the contract for each element. Vendor-specific objective
evidence of fair value is limited to the following:
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The price charged when the same element is sold separately |
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For an element not yet being sold separately, the price established by
management having the relevant authority; it must be probable that the price, once
established, will not change before the separate introduction of the element into
the marketplace. |
The amount allocated to undelivered elements is not subject to later adjustment .....When a
vendors pricing is based on multiple factors such as the number of products and the number
of users, the amount allocated to the same element when sold separately must consider all
the factors of the vendors pricing structure. [emphasis added]
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104. Often, multiple element arrangements are sold at a discount rather than at the sum of
the list prices for each element. If the amounts deferred for undelivered elements were
based on list prices, the amount of revenue recognized for delivered elements would be
understated. Accordingly, the AcSEC concluded that relative sales prices should be used in
determining the amount of revenue to be allocated to the elements of an arrangement.
SOP 97-2 clearly acknowledges that discounting occurs in practice and therefore certain elements
may be sold at varying prices. We believe that even though elements may be sold at varying prices,
VSOE of fair value may exist. We are not aware of any authoritative accounting literature that
provides guidance regarding the concentration in pricing that is required before a vendor can
reasonable conclude that VSOE of fair value exists. We did however note that all four of the Big
Four accounting firms have published non-authoritative guidance on implementing SOP 97-2, and have
addressed this issue. Paragraph 3.033 of KPMGs Software Revenue Recognition An Analysis of SOP
97-2 and Related Guidance states in part:
...we believe that a range of prices of the separate sales of an element within a stratum
for which the lowest and highest price within the range are not more than 15% from the
median price in the range and that range includes an amount approaching 80% of the sales
transactions for that stratum, may be a reasonable range of prices to represent that VSOE
of fair value for the element exists for transactions within that stratum. However, it
should be noted that this range does not constitute a safe harbor and there could be
situations where it would be appropriate to conclude that VSOE of fair value does not
exist, even though the pricing of separate sales of an element is within this range for
transactions within a particular stratum. All relevant facts and circumstances must be
considered in making this determination.
PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PwC) also discusses the issue of variability in pricing and the impact of
such variability on the establishment of VSOE of fair value. Paragraph 3.10 of the (PwCs)
publication entitled, Software Revenue Recognition A user-friendly Guide for Navigating through
the Many Complexities (the PwC Publication), state in part:
We believe that by gathering historical pricing information over time, vendors will develop
VSOE of fair value for each of their product offerings based on actual prices. In most
instances, VSOE of fair value will be an average price of several recent, actual
transactions that are priced within a reasonable range (in general, variances should
typically be 10% or less).
Ernst and Youngs publication Software Revenue Recognition states:
VSOE When Multiple Actual Sales Prices Exist Frequently, a software element that is sold
separately is sold for numerous different prices, depending upon the individual
transaction. We believe that these situations require an evaluation of the facts and
circumstances to determine the appropriate amount to use in the allocation of revenue.
First, the vendor must identify which of the previous actual sales represent comparable and
relevant transactions based upon distinguishing
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characteristics such as the number of
products, number of users (especially if the fee is variable based upon the number of
users), customer class and size, and other relevant factors. As discussed above, the VSOE
of an element should give consideration to such factors. When multiple actual sales prices
of an element exist, transactions used in determining VSOE must be both relevant and
comparable to the current transaction.
Once the population of actual sales prices has been limited to those existing in comparable
transactions, we believe there is more than one acceptable alternative to identify VSOE of
the element, depending on the facts and circumstances. However, the selected alternative
should be consistently applied. If the fair value of the software tends to significantly
decrease over a relatively short period of time (absent any upgrades), we believe that a
lower actual sales price is generally more appropriate to use as VSOE for that product.
However, if the fair value of the software element does not tend to significantly decrease
over a relatively short period of time, then other methods may be appropriate such as the
average or median price with a reasonable range (i.e., plus or minus 10 percent) of actual
prices. Regardless of the method used, the selected VSOE of fair value should be
indicative of the current trend of the elements fair value. However, if the range of
prices is significant even after considering only relevant and comparable transactions,
VSOE may not be determinable based on prices when sold separately and ultimately may not
exist.
The online accounting research tool published by Deloitte & Touche states (as amended May 26,
2006):
The following additional factors should be considered in determining whether a vendor has
sufficient evidence to support VSOE of fair value:
For Items Sold Separately Actual historical pricing information of the element when
sold separately could be used to establish VSOE of fair value. If prices vary
significantly, however, the vendor may be unable to use actual separate sales prices to
establish VSOE of fair value. To conclude that separate sales prices provide sufficient
evidence to support VSOE of fair value, a vendor must demonstrate that separate sales
prices are highly concentrated around a specific point and within a narrow range. For
example, if 90 percent of a vendors separate sales of PCS during the past 12 months were
priced between 15 and 17 percent of the net license fee, it may be appropriate to conclude
that such separate
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sales prices provide evidence of fair value. On the other hand, if the vendors separate
sales prices reflected the following distribution, it would be inappropriate to conclude
that VSOE exists:
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Sales Price as a Percentage |
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of Net License Fee |
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Percentage of Separate Sales |
2% to 5% |
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5% to 10% |
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30 |
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10% to 15% |
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35 |
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15% to 20% |
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15 |
% |
In evaluating whether separate sales prices are sufficiently concentrated to establish
VSOE, a vendor should consider whether the population of separate sales needs to be
stratified. Stratification may be required if the vendor has different pricing practices
for different types of transactions or products. For example, a vendor may provide larger
discounts to large blue-chip customers than it does to its smaller customers. In these
situations the dispersion of separate sales prices of the entire population may be wide,
but the dispersion of separate sales price for transactions with large blue-chip customers
may be much less.
All of these publications indicate that VSOE of fair value may exist even though there may be
variability in pricing. Some of these publications indicate that a certain range of pricing could
be considered VSOE, rather than a single dollar amount. The KPMG publication suggests that
concentrations approaching 80 percent of a vendors sales transactions within a range of 15 percent
above and below the median sales price may be acceptable. The PwC and EY publications suggest a
range of no more than 10 percent above or below an average price is acceptable fair value but do
not address if there is an acceptable level of concentration. None of the publications however
provides a bright line and, as noted previously, none represents authoritative guidance.
Based on a consideration of this guidance, the Company concluded that 1) VSOE of fair value could
be established even when these elements are sold separately at a range of prices and 2) it had
sufficient VSOE to establish the fair value of each of its undelivered elements. As illustrated in
the Appendix to our May 31, 2006 letter, in all cases where we believe VSOE is required to
establish fair value, more than 75 percent of our separate sales transactions fall within a
reasonable range of 15 percent above and below the midpoint of the range that contains the highest
number of our separate sales transactions.
In regards to the appropriateness of establishing VSOE on a range of prices, we have established
VSOE of fair value as a single point estimate the weighted-average discounted price of each
separate element when sold separately (as more fully described in our response to comment 9 below)
and not a range of prices, any of which could be considered acceptable as fair value, even though
such an approach would appear acceptable based on the published guidance cited above.
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9. |
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We note your response to prior comment number 7, which indicates you establish VSOE
of your recurring services based on the weighted-average discount from [y]our list
price. Clarify why you use the list price as a benchmark when establishing VSOE of fair
value of your undelivered service elements and the relevancy of the list price. In
addition, your response states, for discounts greater than the fair value of the
undelivered element, additional revenue is deferred at the time of sale and is recognized
over the relevant service period. Please clarify this policy. As part of your response,
please clarify how this policy complies with paragraph 6.b of SOP 98-9. |
The Company advises the Staff that the Company uses the combination of list price and discount rate
as its method to compute the net price charged to customers for separate services at time of
renewal. List prices of these services are established as a percentage of the list price of the
related software or hardware. For example, the list price of one year software PCS is 12% of the
software list price; if the weighted average discount rate is 20% of our list price, then the fair
value of software PCS at the time of renewal is 9.6% (80% of 12%) of the list price of the
software. The effect is to calculate a single fair value for software PCS for the product, as
illustrated below:
Assume in a multiple element arrangement that the list price of the software included
in the arrangement was $500,000 and was sold with one year PCS, which has a list price of
$60,000 (12%).
Assume that, separate sales of PCS indicate that the fair value software PCS is 80% of our
list price (i.e., a 20% discount of our list price or a net price of $48,000).
At time of order, Customer A received a 20% discount, Customer B received a 40% discount,
and Customer C received a 10% discount
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Customer |
|
A |
|
|
B |
|
|
C |
|
Invoice: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Software |
|
$ |
400,000 |
|
|
$ |
300,000 |
|
|
$ |
450,000 |
|
Software PCS |
|
|
48,000 |
|
|
|
36,000 |
|
|
|
54,000 |
|
Total |
|
$ |
448,000 |
|
|
$ |
336,000 |
|
|
$ |
504,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value of Software PCS |
|
$ |
48,000 |
|
|
$ |
48,000 |
|
|
$ |
48,000 |
|
Amount deferred for undelivered
element |
|
$ |
48,000 |
|
|
$ |
48,000 |
|
|
$ |
54,000 |
|
Revenue Recognized at time of sale |
|
$ |
400,000 |
|
|
$ |
288,000 |
|
|
$ |
450,000 |
|
As can be seen from this example, there is only one calculated fair value for this undelivered
element. The weighted average discount from list is merely the mechanism used to determine that
amount.
In the case of Customer C, even though the fair value of the undelivered element is $48,000, the
stated amount on the invoice is $54,000, which represents the amount that would be considered
subject to refund if we were to fail to perform under the PCS
Page 13
arrangement and therefore is deferred
in full even though it is greater than fair value. That is why, as stated in our prior response,
only for discounts greater than the fair value of the undelivered element, additional revenue is
deferred at the time of sale and is recognized over the service period. We acknowledge that our
previous statement of ... weighted-average discount from our list price. was not entirely clear.
We hope the above explanation clarifies our accounting treatment.
We believe this policy complies with paragraph 6(b) of SOP 98-9, which states, in part:
|
|
|
Under the residual method, the arrangement fee is recognized as follows: (a) the total
fair value of the undelivered elements, as indicated by vendor-specific objective evidence,
is deferred and (b) the difference between the total arrangement fee and the amount
deferred for the undelivered elements is recognized as revenue related to the delivered
elements. |
|
|
10. |
|
We note your response to prior comment number 7, which indicates you establish fair
value of software PCS, premium hardware maintenance services and storage optimization
reviews as a group. We further note software PCS and premium hardware maintenance
services are in the scope of SOP 97-2 (ie., the higher level literature) and storage
optimization reviews are not in the scope of SOP 97-2. Please clarify the following with
respect to your response: |
|
|
|
Clarify why you believe the provisions of EITF 00-21 allowed you to separate
this group of elements from the delivered software and hardware. In this respect,
tell us whether you are able to separate the elements in the scope of SOP 97-2 and
the element not in the scope of SOP 97-2 based on the provisions of EITF 00-21.
In addition, please tell us your consideration of paragraph 10 of EITF 00-21 if
you are not able to separate the SOP 97-2 elements from the elements not in the
scope of SOP 97-2. |
|
|
|
|
Clarify why you believe it is appropriate to establish fair value of this group
of elements as if it were a single element. In this respect, tell us how you
considered whether the difference in the nature of the services between the
storage optimization reviews and software PCS/premium hardware maintenance
services impacts your ability to establish VSOE of this group of elements as if it
were a single element. Further, tell us how you recognize revenue for this unit
of accounting. In this respect, tell us what accounting literature you apply to
this unit of accounting as it contains SOP 97-2 and non 97-2 elements. As part of
your response, tell us how you determine when to recognize revenue as it appears
that your software PCS and premium hardware maintenance services have a different
pattern of performance then your storage optimization reviews. |
The Company advises the Staff that in transactions in which storage optimization review services
are performed, we have treated such services as a combined element with the software PCS and
premium hardware maintenance because the three services are sold as
Page 14
a bundle. That is, all
arrangements that include storage optimization services also include software PCS and premium
hardware maintenance. In these transactions the term of the storage optimization services is
always the same as the term of the software PCS and premium hardware maintenance.
The combined element of software PCS, premium hardware maintenance and storage review services
includes services that are subject to SOP 97-2 (i.e., software support and premium hardware
maintenance) as well as services that are not subject to SOP 97-2 (i.e., storage review services).
Therefore, we have concluded that the combined element is not subject to SOP 97-2 but rather it is
subject to the general revenue recognition principles of FASB Concept Statement No. 6, Elements of
Financial Statements (CON) and SAB Topic 13. This conclusion is consistent with guidance in
paragraphs 10.52 and 10.53 of the Miller Revenue Recognition Guide, which states in part:
As discussed earlier in this chapter, separation of a multiple-element arrangement that
includes SOP 97-2 software and software related elements and non-SOP 97-2 elements should
be based on the guidance in EITF 00-21. If the application of EITF 00-21 results in a
conclusion that the elements should not be separated, then the general revenue recognition
principles apply to the bundled arrangement (for an SEC registrant, this would be SAB Topic
13). In other words, SOP 97-2 should not be applied to determine when revenue should be
recognized since the bundled group of elements does not fall within the scope of SOP 97-2.
In the case of sales arrangements which include the undelivered elements of Storage Reviews/Premium
Hardware Maintenance/PCS which are sold as a bundle (the Bundled Element), we believe paragraph
4(a)(iii) of EITF 00-21 requires the application of EITF 00-21 to determine whether the Bundled
Element qualifies as a separate unit of accounting from the other SOP 97-2 elements (i.e., software
and hardware). Paragraph 9 of EITF 00-21 specifies:
In an arrangement with multiple deliverables, the delivered item(s) should be considered a
separate unit of accounting if all of the following criteria are met:
|
a. |
|
The delivered item(s) has value to the customer on a standalone
basis. That item(s) has value on a standalone basis if it is sold separately by
any vendor or the customer could resell the delivered item(s) on a standalone
basis. In the context of a customers ability to resell the delivered item(s),
the Task Force observed that this criterion does not require the existence of an
observable market for that deliverable(s). |
|
|
b. |
|
There is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the
undelivered item(s). |
|
|
c. |
|
If the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the
delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered
probable and substantially in the control of the vendor. |
We believe our arrangements which include this Bundled Element meet these requirements:
Page 15
|
a. |
|
At the time of revenue recognition, the delivered items consist of the hardware and
software contained in our system, which has standalone value to our customer and some of
our customers choose to purchase our systems without any of the elements contained in this
bundle; similarly, customers can choose to resell these systems without these bundled
elements. (Note, the terms of our operating software license agreement do not restrict the
transfer of the operating system software to another user, however the right to continue
to receive Software PCS for that software over the remaining contract term is not
transferable.) |
|
|
b. |
|
As demonstrated in the appendix to our response letter of May 31, 2006, we have
objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered bundled element. |
|
|
c. |
|
The arrangement does not include a general right of return relative to the general
items for failure to perform the undelivered services. |
Therefore, we believe that the bundled element qualifies as a unit of accounting separate from the
hardware and software under paragraph 9 of EITF 00-21. We further do not believe that the storage
optimization services would qualify as a unit of accounting separate from the software PCS and
premium hardware maintenance because we only sell Storage Optimization Reviews as a bundle with the
other two services; we have not sold these reviews on a standalone basis. Additionally, we are not
aware of any other vendors that sell similar storage optimization services. Therefore, we are
unable to establish VSOE of fair value or to obtain objective and reliable evidence of the fair
value of these storage optimization services. Therefore, the criterion in paragraph 9(b) of EITF
00-21 are not met and the storage optimization review services do not qualify as a separate unit of
accounting.
Paragraph 10 of EITF 00-21 states:
The arrangement consideration allocable to a delivered item(s) that does not qualify as a
separate unit of accounting within the arrangement should be combined with the amount
allocable to the other applicable undelivered item(s) within the arrangement. The
appropriate recognition of revenue should then be determined for those combined
deliverables as a single unit of accounting.
As noted above, we consider the elements delivered at the initial time of sale as a separate unit
of accounting. Likewise, we consider the three undelivered service elements to be one unit of
accounting for purposes of recognizing revenues as the services are performed. All three services
(i.e., software PCS, premium hardware maintenance and storage optimization review services) are
performed ratably over the same contract period. Even though the results of storage optimization
reviews are delivered to our customers on a quarterly or semi-annual basis, the monitoring and
data-collection activities necessary to prepare this analysis are performed on an on-going basis.
There is no evidence that suggest revenues are earned or obligations are fulfilled in a different
pattern. Therefore, we are recognizing all revenues allocated to the bundled element on a
straight-line basis over the contractual period. We believe such conclusion is consistent with the
guidance in the interpretative response to Question 2 of Section 3(f) of SAB Topic 13-A, which
states in part:
Page 16
|
|
|
The staff believes that, provided all other revenue recognition criteria are met, service
revenue should be recognized on a straight-line basis, unless evidence suggests that the
revenue is earned or obligations are fulfilled in a different pattern, over the contractual
term of the arrangement or the expected period during which those specified services will
be performed, whichever is longer. [footnote reference omitted] |
|
|
11. |
|
We note the portion of prior comment number 7 which addresses whether the amount
established as VSOE of your PCS and other support elements is substantive. Tell us how
you determined that establishing VSOE of fair value based on separate sales of one-year of
software PCS is substantive with respect to your arrangements that contain an initial PCS
term of three years. In addition, tell us how you determined the amount established as
VSOE of PCS is substantive in relation to the arrangement fee as a whole. In this
respect, we note that your list price of PCS is 12% of the list price of the related
software. Therefore, it appears that the weighted-average discount from list price may be
less than 10% of the total arrangement fee. This comment also applies to your
arrangements that contain Premium Hardware Maintenance/PCS and Storage Reviews/Premium
Hardware Maintenance/PCS. |
The Company advises the Staff that it believes our separate sales of one-year contracts in
connection with the renewal of such services to provide Software PCS, Premium Hardware
Maintenance/PCS or Storage Reviews/Premium Hardware Maintenance/PCS (collectively, the services)
provide a substantive basis for establishing the fair value of the services including in our
initial arrangements. We have established VSOE of fair value of these undelivered services based
on separate sales of such services rather than based on contractual renewal rates. As noted in our
letter to the Staff of May 31, 2006, we offer one, two and three year arrangements at the time of
sale and these services can be renewed on an annual basis thereafter.
While we do not have readily available information on the number of one, two and three year terms
initially selected by our customers for these deliverables, our information shows that the average
initial term is approximately 30 months, indicating that many customers elect an initial term of
one or two years. Substantially all systems purchased within the last three years continue to be
covered by a service arrangement, indicating that substantially all one and two year initial term
contracts enter into renewal contracts. In addition, over half of the systems purchased four years
ago are covered by a service arrangement. The list price for renewal of these services on an
annual basis is the same regardless of the age of the system. Accordingly, we believe we have
sufficient volumes to provide substantive evidence of fair value of a one-year service arrangement.
As described in our response to question 9, we have used the greater of the one-year fair value
multiplied by the number of years contained in the initial service term or the stated contract
amount to compute the amount of revenue to be deferred these undelivered services included in the
initial sales arrangement. The use of one-year renewal rate times number of years for the initial
PCS term is specifically permitted by TPA 5100.52 Fair Value of PCS in a Perpetual License and
Software Revenue Recognition, which in reply to an inquiry concluded that The dollar amount of the
one-year PCS renewal rate
Page 17
multiplied by two (which reflects the PCS term included in the
arrangement) constitutes VSOE of the fair value of PCS pursuant to the provisions in paragraphs 10
and 57 of SOP 97-2.
With regard to the Staffs comment regarding the pricing of our software PCS, we acknowledge that,
based on the information contained in our response letter of May 31, 2006, the fair value of
software PCS may in some cases be less than 10% of the total arrangement fee. This could easily
occur if the total arrangement included a significant number of storage devices, and only one year
software PCS on the operating system software. However, for other arrangements which contain
significant amounts of additional software included in the sale, the fair value of a multiple-year
software PCS arrangement could easily represent more than 10% of the arrangement. As mentioned
above, we have established VSOE of fair value of software PCS based on separate sales of software
PCS rather than by reference to renewal rates. We believe that even though the fair value of
software PCS as evidenced by separate sales may be less than 10 percent of the total arrangement,
such sales still provide evidence of the fair value of software PCS. In fact, it is the price
negotiated independently with our customers when they purchase software PCS separately from any
other elements. We also believe that the fact that only more than half of our customers choose to
renew these contracts beyond three years indicates that the renewal rate is not a bargain rate,
but rather a substantive rate that results in a valid, arms-length negotiation for these services
at the time of renewal.
|
12. |
|
Your response to prior comment number 10 indicates that you are planning to
separately present software maintenance revenue as well as the related cost of revenue in
future filings in your statements of income. Please tell us whether this financial
statement caption will include revenue from premium hardware maintenance and hardware
optimization reviews. If not, please tell us whether such revenue (and related cost of
sales) is presented as product or service revenue. |
The Company advises the Staff the financial statement captions software subscriptions
revenues and the related cost of software subscriptions include only revenues and costs
related to our software subscriptions. Revenue and costs from premium hardware maintenance and
hardware optimization reviews are included in service revenues and cost of service.
|
13. |
|
Tell us your consideration of the disclosure requirements of SAB Topic 13.B with
respect to your multiple elements arrangements. In this respect, your disclosure should
discuss the accounting policy for each unit of accounting as well as how units of
accounting are determined and valued. |
The Company advises the Staff that it will modify its revenue recognition disclosures beginning
with our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 31, 2006 to more fully
describe our multiple element arrangements, as required by SAB Topic 13.B, which states in
part, If sales transactions have multiple units of accounting, such as a product and service,
the accounting policy should clearly state
Page 18
the accounting policy for each unit of accounting as
well as how units of accounting are determined and valued. Changes from our disclosures in our
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2006 are marked with underlining; this
also reflects the changes described in our response to comment No. 7 above regarding warranty
costs.
Revenue Recognition and Allowance We apply the provisions of Statement of Position
(SOP) No. 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, and related interpretations to our product
sales, both hardware and software, because our software is essential to the performance of
our hardware. We recognize revenue when:
|
|
|
Persuasive Evidence of an Arrangement Exists. It is our customary practice to
have a purchase order and/or contract prior to recognizing revenue on an arrangement
from our end users, customers, value-added resellers, or distributors. |
|
|
|
|
Delivery has Occurred. Our product is physically delivered to our customers,
generally with standard transfer terms such as FOB origin. We typically do not allow for
restocking rights with any of our value-added resellers or distributors. Products
shipped with acceptance criteria or return rights are not recognized as revenue until
all criteria are achieved. If undelivered products or services exist that are essential
to the functionality of the delivered product in an arrangement, delivery is not
considered to have occurred. |
|
|
|
|
The Fee is Fixed or Determinable. Arrangements with payment terms extending
beyond our standard terms, conditions and practices are not considered to be fixed or
determinable. Revenue from such arrangements is recognized as the fees become due and
payable. We typically do not allow for price-protection rights with any of our
value-added resellers or distributors. |
|
|
|
|
Collection is Probable. Probability of collection is assessed on a
customer-by-customer basis. Customers are subjected to a credit review process that
evaluates the customers financial position and ultimately their ability to pay. If it
is determined at the outset of an arrangement that collection is not probable based upon
our review process, revenue is recognized upon cash receipt. |
Our multiple element arrangements include our systems and generally may also include one or
more of the following undelivered elements: installation services, software subscriptions,
premium hardware maintenance and storage review services. If the arrangement contains both
software-related and non-software related elements, we allocate revenue to the non-software
elements based on objective and reliable evidence of fair value in accordance with EITF 00-21,
Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables. Non-software elements are items for which the
functionality of the software is not essential to its performance; the non-software related
elements in our arrangements may consist of storage optimization reviews (which are only sold
within a bundled offering that also contains software-related services), technical consulting
and/or installation services. For undelivered software-related elements, we apply the
provisions of SOP 97-2 and determine fair value of these
undelivered
Page 19
software-related elements based on vendor specific objective evidence which for us
consists of the prices charged when these services are sold separately.
For arrangements with multiple elements, we recognize as revenue the difference between
the total arrangement price and the greater of fair value or stated price for any undelivered
elements (the residual method).
Our software subscriptions entitles our customers to receive unspecified product upgrades
and enhancements on a when-and-if-available basis, bug fixes, and patch releases. Premium
hardware maintenance services include contracts for technical support and
minimum response times. Revenue from software subscriptions and premium hardware
maintenance services is recognized ratably over the contractual term, generally one to three
years; standard hardware warranty costs are considered an obligation under SFAS No. 5,
Accounting for Contingencies and are expensed to cost of revenues when revenue is recognized.
We also offer extended service contracts (which may include standard warranty as well as premium
hardware maintenance) at the end of the warranty term; revenues from these contracts are
recognized ratably over the contract term. When storage optimization reviews are sold as a
bundled element with our software subscriptions and premium hardware maintenance services, the
revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term. We typically sell technical
consulting services separately from any of our other revenue elements, either on a time and
materials basis or for fixed price standard projects; we recognize revenue for these services as
they are performed. Revenue from hardware installation services is recognized at the time of
delivery and any remaining costs are accrued, as the remaining undelivered services are
considered to be inconsequential and perfunctory.
We record reductions to revenue for estimated sales returns at the time of shipment. Sales
returns are estimated based on historical sales returns, changes in customer demand, current
trends, and our expectations regarding future experience. Reductions to revenue associated with
sales returns include consideration of historical sales levels, the timing and magnitude of
historical sales returns and a projection of this experience into the future. We monitor and
analyze the accuracy of sales returns estimates by reviewing actual returns and adjust them for
future expectations to determine the adequacy of our current and future reserve needs. If actual
future returns and allowances differ from past experience, additional allowances may be
required.
Note
8. Income Taxes, page 82
|
14. |
|
We note your disclosure, [you] have provided a valuation allowance on certain of
[y]our deferred tax assets related to net operating loss carryforwards, conditional
royalty carryforwards, and tax credit carryforwards attributable to the exercise of
employee stock options because of uncertainty regarding their realization. Explain the
uncertainties surrounding the realization of your net deferred tax assets related to net
operating loss carryforwards. In this respect, provide your analysis supporting your
conclusion that based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that
all of the deferred tax assets |
Page 20
|
|
|
will not be realized; we refer you to paragraphs 17.e, 18, and 20 through 25 of SFAS 109.
Ensure that your analysis addresses how you considered your history of reporting net income
during the most recent five years. In addition, clarify why if recognized, the tax benefit
of these tax credits, losses, and conditional royalty with be accounted for as a credit to
stockholders equity rather than as a reduction to the income tax provision. |
The Company advises the Staff that, as a result of significant stock option exercises, we have
generated a significant compensation expense for tax purposes in excess of the amount of book
compensation. These deductions have resulted in a large net operating loss carryforward position on
our domestic tax returns; likewise, this compensation deduction has resulted in larger tax credits
than would otherwise be computed. In determining the amount of operating loss and tax credit
carryforwards for which a valuation allowance would be required, we concluded that the tax benefits
related to stock options should not be recognized until these amounts actually reduced the amount
of taxes which we would have otherwise paid in the current year. As a result, a valuation
allowance was computed solely for the amount of the deferred tax asset which would otherwise have
been recorded as a credit to stockholders equity under the provisions of APB Opinion No. 25.
This is the method that is specifically required in footnote 82 to Paragraph A94 of SFAS No.
123(R):
A share option exercise may result in a tax deduction prior to the actual realization of
the related tax benefit because the entity, for example, has a net operating loss
carryforward. In that situation, a tax benefit and a credit to additional paid-in capital
for the excess deduction would not be recognized until that deduction reduces taxes
payable.
Additionally, in paragraph B217 of the Basis for Conclusions for SFAS No. 123(R), the Board noted:
The Board was asked to specify which excess tax benefits are available as offsets to tax
deficiencies. Because this Statement continues the fair-value-based method in Statement 123,
the Board concluded that the pool of excess tax benefits available for offset should include
those from all awards that were subject to Statement 123. That includes excess tax benefits
recognized if the fair-based-method was adopted for recognition purposes, as well as those that
would have been recognized had an entity that provided pro forma disclosures instead adopted
Statement 123s fair-value-based method for recognition. However, excess tax benefits that
have not been realized pursuant to Statement 109, as noted in paragraph A94, footnote 82, of
this Statement, are not available for offset. The Board was informed by some constituents that
a practice has developed whereby some entities recognized deferred tax assets for excess tax
benefits before they were realized. The Board understands that such practice may be prevalent
and therefore decided to provide transition guidance that requires an entity to discontinue
that policy prospectively and follow the guidance in this Statement and Statement 109.
[emphasis added]
Page 21
We believe this paragraph indicates that, while some companies did not provide a valuation
allowance on their deferred tax assets relating to the tax benefits of stock option deductions, the
FASB believed that, even prior to SFAS 123(R), it was proper to follow the method we have used.
Beginning with our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company will amend the language regarding
this valuation reserve, as follows (changes marked):
We have provided a valuation allowance on certain of our deferred tax assets related to net
operating loss carryforwards, conditional royalty carryforwards and tax credit
carryforwards attributable to the exercise of employee stock options because, under
SFAS 123(R), such amounts should not be realized until they result in a reduction of taxes
payable; there was no impact from the adoption of SFAS 123(R) on deferred taxes as we had
used a similar methodology for recording our valuation allowance for these amounts in prior
years.
Excluding our stock compensation deduction, the Company would have reported taxable income over the
past several years, and would expect to report taxable income in the future. Based on this
positive evidence, the deferred tax assets relating to our other timing differences were considered
to be more likely than not of being realized, and therefore no valuation allowance was provided for
these amounts.
|
15. |
|
We note your disclosure of U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions tax examinations here
and on page 39. Clarify how the application of FASB Interpretation No. 48 is expected to
impact your accounting and disclosure of uncertain tax positions. |
The Company advises the Staff that our Annual Report on Form 10-K was filed on July 12, 2006; FASB
Interpretation No. 48 was issued on July 13, 2006. The Company is required to apply FASB
Interpretation No. 48 to financial statements and disclosures for its fiscal year ending in April
2008. We are still reviewing the impact of our uncertain tax positions on our income tax
provision but currently we do not believe that the impact will be material. We plan to conform our
disclosures regarding these uncertain tax positions in accordance with the requirements of the
Interpretation and will provide the required disclosures in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
July 28, 2006.
Note
9. Segment, Geographic, and Customer Information page 84
|
16. |
|
Your response to prior comment number 13 indicates that the characteristics of its
operating segments are similar and have the same future prospects. Further, you indicate
that trends such as growth rates and gross margins are consistent year to year. Please
provide the historical growth rate and gross margins of your operating segments which
supports your conclusion. |
Page 22
The Company advises the Staff that the historical growth rates and gross margins for its three
geographic operating segments (EMEA, Asia Pacific APAC and the Americas) are as follows
(three-year averages):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EMEA |
|
APAC |
|
Americas |
Historical Revenue Growth Rate: |
|
|
31 |
% |
|
|
26 |
% |
|
|
26 |
% |
|
Gross Margin: |
|
|
63 |
% |
|
|
59 |
% |
|
|
61 |
% |
Form 8-Ks filed on August 17, 2005, November 16, 2005, February 15, 2006, and May 24,
2006
|
17. |
|
We note your use of non-GAAP financial measures in the Form 8-Ks noted above and your
response to prior comment number 17. Please address the following addition comments with
respect to your use of non-GAAP financial measures: |
|
|
|
We believe the non-GAAP operating statement columnar format appearing in Form
8-K may create the unwarranted impression to investors that the non-GAAP operating
statement has been prepared under a comprehensive set of accounting rules or
principles while also conveying undue prominence to a statement based on non-GAAP
measures. Please remove that presentation, or explain to us in reasonable detail
why its retention is justified in light of these concerns. As a substitute for
this presentation format, you may consider presenting only individual non-GAAP
measures (i.e., line items, subtotals, etc.) provided each one complies with Item
10 of Regulation S-K and the Division of Corporation Finances Frequently Asked
Questions Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures, Question 8. |
The Company confirms that, in its most recent 8-K filing associated with our earnings release and
conference call for its first fiscal quarter ending July 28, 2006, we have discontinued the
practice of presenting a non-GAAP operating statement in columnar format.
|
|
|
Your presentation includes numerous non-GAAP measures including, but not
limited to, non-GAAP cost of product revenue, non-GAAP cost of service revenue,
non-GAAP research and development. Note that each line item, sub-total or total
for which an adjustment has been made represents a separate non-GAAP measure that
must be separately identified, reconciled, and addressed in the accompanying
disclosure. See Items 10(e)(1)(i)(C), 10(e)(1)(i)(D), and 10(e)(2) of Regulation
S-K. |
Page 23
The Company confirms that in its most recent 8-K filing associated with our earnings release and
conference call for our first fiscal quarter ending July 28, 2006 in which it used non-GAAP
financial measures, each non-GAAP financial measure was separately identified, reconciled and
addressed in the accompanying disclosure, as required under Item 10(e) of Regulation S-K.
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Clarify whether you reasonably believe it is probable that the financial impact
of your non-GAAP measures will become immaterial within a near-finite period. In
addition, tell us why you believe that it is permissible to eliminate the impact
of recurring charges as you have a past pattern of incurring such charges. We
refer you to Question 8 and 9 of the Frequently Asked Questions Regarding the Use
of Non-GAAP Financial Measures. |
The Company supplementally advises the Staff that we reasonably believe that certain of the items
excluded from its non-GAAP financial measures will become immaterial within a near-finite period.
In particular, as it relates to the Companys Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2006, the Companys income
tax expense from the American Jobs Creation Act, which comprises a significant portion of the
difference between GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income, offered the Company a limited and
unique opportunity to repatriate cash from its overseas subsidiaries to the United States and
receive more favorable tax treatment for the repatriation of these funds. The Company availed
itself of that opportunity during the fourth quarter of its fiscal year 2006 by repatriating $550
million of its foreign earnings into the United States. The opportunity for such beneficial tax
treatment is no longer available. Therefore, the Company realized the full financial impact of that
repatriation in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006 and believes that there will be little financial
impact related to that repatriation in future periods.
In addition, the amortization of intangible assets excluded from non-GAAP financial measures
relates to intellectual property that the Company acquired in connection with acquisitions of other
companies. The Company determined that certain intellectual property and other intangible assets
associated with those acquisitions had economic lives of 1-1/2 to 6 years. Therefore, the Company
amortizes these charges over these periods. Footnote 14 of our 2006 Form 10-K includes disclosure
of the amounts to be amortized by year, declining from $20.7 million in 2007 to $4.1 million in
2011.
As the Staffs inquiry relates to amortization of intangible assets and in process research and
development, the expenses associated with such items result in the Company recording expenses in
its GAAP financial statements that were already expended by the acquired company before the
acquisition and for which the Company has not expended cash. Therefore, the expenses associated
with such items do not reflect or relate to the Companys on-going decision-making processes but
rather represent the legacy of decisions made by an independent company (at the time of the
underlying decisions to which those expenses relate) operating under its own set of parameters and
business model. Moreover, had the Company internally developed the products acquired to which
such expenses relate, the expenditures for research and development would have been expensed
historically in prior periods and not in the periods in which they are
Page 24
recorded as expenses in our income statement as required by GAAP. For these reasons, the Company
believes that it is permissible to exclude amortization of intangible assets and in process
research and development from its non-GAAP financial measures, notwithstanding that it has done so
in the past and that it is reasonably likely to do so for the foreseeable future.
With respect to stock-based compensation, as further noted below, the Company recognizes expenses
associated with the granting of stock options to employees using valuation methodologies that
require management to make assumptions about the Companys common stock (such as expected future
stock price volatility), the anticipated duration of outstanding stock options and the rate at
which the Company recognizes the corresponding stock-based compensation expense over the course of
future fiscal periods. While other forms of Company expense (such as cash compensation, inventory
costs and real estate lease and/or mortgage costs) are reasonably correlated to the Companys
underlying business of marketing and selling storage and data management solutions for enterprise
customers and such costs are incurred principally or wholly in the particular fiscal period being
reported, stock-based compensation expense is not reasonably correlated to the particular fiscal
period in question but rather is based on expected future events that have no relationship and in
certain instances, an inverse relationship with how well the Company currently operates its
business. First, assumptions about the expected price volatility of the Companys common stock
relate to the expected future performance of the Companys common stock price (and, therefore, its
future operating performance), not to its current operating performance. Second, the assumptions
regarding the expected duration of the Companys outstanding options are based on the Companys
expected future employment patterns (i.e., who and how many employees will be hired and/or
terminate employment with the Company), which is also not reasonably correlated to the Companys
current financial performance. Finally, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense
over a number of fiscal periods based on the time-based vesting of those stock options, which does
not take into account the operational performance of the Companys underlying business in any given
fiscal period. Regardless of how successful or unsuccessful the Company is in marketing and
selling its products to its customers, the Company is required to recognize the expenses associated
with its outstanding options based solely on the passage of time. Further, the compensation
expense is a non cash expense and does not create a reduction in any operating asset or a future
liability which would have an impact on the operational performance of the Company. For these
reasons, the Company believes that it is permissible to exclude stock-based compensation from its
non-GAAP financial measures, notwithstanding that it has done so in the past and that it is
reasonably likely to do so for the foreseeable future.
The restructuring charges described in the 8-Ks noted above resulted from unforeseen circumstances
(e.g. the one-time consolidation of our Service Support centers) that were not originally part of
the Companys annual operating budget. The acquisitions were outside of the ordinary course of the
Companys day-to-day business of marketing and selling its storages solutions to its customers, and
the restructuring expenses that resulted from these acquisitions likewise were not part of the
Companys day-to-day operations. As such, the Company excludes these expenses from its non-GAAP
financial measures in reviewing its own financial performance and, therefore, in order to allow
investors to
Page 25
view the Companys business through the eyes of management, the Company believes that it is
permissible to exclude these restructuring charges from its non-GAAP financial measures,
notwithstanding that it has done so in the past and that it is reasonably likely to do so for the
foreseeable future
The discrete GAAP provision matters recognized ratably for non-GAAP purposes, resulted from the
release of certain tax reserves for uncertain tax positions in a particular period that for GAAP
purposes is accounted for as a period expense. The release of these tax reserves is not a based
on the operations of the Company but based on the specific timing of the due date of the income tax
returns. The Company calculates all other aspects of the GAAP provision in accordance with FAS
109 based on annual estimates of all items that affect the taxable income and associated tax
including the estimated need to build additional tax reserves. The Company believes that it is
permissible to include the release of the estimated release of tax reserves as an offset to the
building of tax reserve on an annual basis and recognize it ratably for non-GAAP purposes.
The net gains on investments, results from gains or losses (whether realized or unrealized) on the
Companys financial investment. These investments gains and losses are outside of the ordinary
course of the Companys day-to-day business and are not part of the Companys day-to-day
operations. As such, the Company excludes these gains or losses from its non-GAAP financial
measures in reviewing its own financial performance and, therefore, in order to allow investors to
view the Companys business through the eyes of management, the Company believes that it is
permissible to exclude these gains or losses from its non-GAAP financial measures, notwithstanding
that it has done so in the past and that it is reasonably likely to do so for the foreseeable
future
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Your response indicates that excluding amortization of intangible assets and in
process research and development provides useful information. Indicate why your
non-GAAP measures reflects the benefits of revenue generated from acquired
businesses but does not reflect the full non-cash cost of such acquisitions that
are not being eliminated from each measure. Address why the measure includes the
revenues but not all the cost associated with generating that revenue. Further
describe the economic substance behind managements decision to use each non-GAAP
measure presented that excludes these non-cash charges. |
The Company excludes amortization of intangible assets and in process research and development from
its non-GAAP financial measures because, while such costs and expenses are associated with discrete
acquisition transactions, those particular costs and expenses are not directly related to the
continued operation by the Company of the business acquired.
The Company acknowledges the Staffs inquiry as to why such costs and expenses are excluded from
its non-GAAP financial measures while the revenue associated with those acquisitions is not
similarly excluded. The Company respectfully informs the Staff that the excluded amortization of
intangible assets and in process research and development
Page 26
relate to technology and intangible assets because, had the Company developed these technologies
internally, the expenditures would have been expensed in prior periods rather than in the period in
which revenue is being recognized. The amortization of these intangible assets relates only to
that portion of our revenue attributable to the business that the Company acquired in connection
with the underlying acquisitions; no similar expenses are recorded in the current period for
revenues of the Company related to internally developed products. Therefore, exclusion of these
costs presents the cost of all revenues on a comparable basis. To the extent that other direct
costs and expenses associated with the acquired business revenue (both cash-based and non-cash
based) are incurred, the Company does not exclude such costs and expenses from its non-GAAP
financial measures, because such costs are comparable to costs incurred for internally-developed
products.
The Company therefore believes that its non-GAAP financial measures do reflect all of the on-going
costs associated with generating the corresponding revenue from these acquisitions.
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It appears you eliminate stock-based compensation from your various operating
expenses. It is not clear how management uses this non-GAAP information to
conduct or evaluate its business in each of the areas of operations (selling and
marketing, general, and administrative expenses, etc.) Stock based compensation
is a form of compensation similar to cash and is viewed as compensation by the
recipients. If this form of compensation was removed from the recipients overall
compensation package, then how does management determine that an employees
performance will remain unchanged such that it would not affect the Companys
overall operations? For instance, would the performance of an employee
responsible for sales and marketing be changed it a portion of his or her
compensation package were eliminated? If so, then why would management exclude
this compensation in analyzing your business performance? |
Management agrees that stock-based compensation is an important part of overall compensation
offered to many employees. However, it is different from other forms of compensation. A cash
salary or cash bonus has a fixed cash cost. For example, the expense associated with a $10,000
cash bonus is equal to $10,000 in cash regardless of when it is awarded and by whom it is awarded.
In contrast, the expense associated with an award of a stock option for 1,000 shares of the
Companys common stock is unrelated to the amount of cash that the employee ultimately receives.
And the cost to the Company for such an option grant is based on a stock compensation valuation
methodology and underlying assumptions that may vary over time and that do not reflect any cash
expenditure by the Company because the Company does not pay any cash for such option grant (or for
the exercise of such option and sale of the underlying shares by the individual).
Furthermore, the expense associated with granting an employee an option is spread over multiple
years, unlike other forms of compensation expense, such as cash, which are
Page 27
more proximate to the time of the award or payment. For example, the Company may be recognizing
expense in a year where the stock option is significantly underwater and it is not going to be
exercised or generate any compensation for the employee. The expense associated with an award of
an option for 1,000 shares of common stock by the Company in one quarter may have a different
expense than an award of an identical number of shares in a different quarter.
Finally, the expense recognized by the Company for such an option may be different than the expense
that other companies incur for awarding an option with comparable terms, which makes it difficult
to assess the Companys financial performance relative to its competitors. Because of these unique
characteristics of stock-based compensation, management excludes these expenses when analyzing the
Companys financial performance and making budgetary decisions regarding appropriate levels of
spending in each relevant category.
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Your response indicates you believe your non-GAAP results provide useful
information to assist management and investors to compare the Companys results to
those of your competitors. Clarify how your measure provides using information
with respect to comparability when the items excluded in your non-GAAP measures
may be different than items excluded in competitors non-GAAP measures.
Therefore, it would appear that this would be a material limitation in your use of
your non-GAAP measures, not a reason why the information is useful. |
The Company acknowledges that it should continue to caution investors that different companies may
exclude different items from their non-GAAP financial measures. However, the Company believes that
its non-GAAP financial measures are still useful to investors as described in our responses to the
questions above, and note that many companies exclude similar line items from their non-GAAP
financial measures, such as amortization of intangibles, stock-based compensation expense, in
process research and development and discrete tax items that are often unique to a companys
situation. In addition, investors continue to ask that the Company provide those non-GAAP
financial measures that the Company has historically presented in its public filings and
communications.
|
18. |
|
We note you use non-GAAP financial measures in your Fourth Quarter 2006 Earnings
Call, dated May 24, 2006. Tell us your consideration of providing the non-GAAP
disclosures required by Regulation G. |
With respect to the May 24, 2006 earnings call, the Company posted the GAAP to non-GAAP financial
measure reconciliation on its website prior to the earnings call. At the beginning of the earnings
call, the Company noted to the audience that the presentation would contain non-GAAP financial
measures and disclosed the location of the GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation on its website. The
Company intends to keep the reconciliation for that earnings call posted on its web site for twelve
months after the date of the earnings call. Accordingly, the Company believes that the
presentation of the non-
Page 28
GAAP financial measures during its May 24, 2006 earnings call complied with the requirements of
Regulation G.
We also confirm and acknowledge that (1) the Company is responsible for the adequacy and accuracy
of the disclosure in this filing, (2) the Staffs comments or changes to disclosure in response to
Staff comments do not foreclose the Commission from taking any action with respect to this filing
and (3) the Company may not assert Staff comments as a defense in any proceeding initiated by the
Commission or any person under the federal securities laws of the United States.
We hope that you will find the foregoing responsive to the Staffs comments. If you have any
further questions or comments, please direct these to me at 408-822-7000. In addition, we would
request that you provide a facsimile of any additional comments that you may have to my attention
at 408-822-4412. Thank you for your assistance.
Sincerely,
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/s/ Steven J. Gomo
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Steven J. Gomo |
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Chief Financial Officer
Network Appliance, Inc. |
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Page 29
Attachment A
Question 2 Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies (Planned revisions are underlined)
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Why the estimate bears |
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How did the Company |
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Accuracy of past |
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How did past estimate |
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Reasonably likely future |
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risk of change |
|
arrived at the estimate |
|
estimate |
|
change |
|
changes |
Revenue Recognition
and Allowances
|
|
If vendor specific
evidence cannot be
obtained to
determine fair
value of the
undelivered
elements, revenue
from the entire
arrangement would
be deferred and
recognized as these
elements are
delivered. This
would have a
material effect on
the timing of
product revenues.
If actual future
returns and
allowances differ
from past
experience,
additional
allowances may be
required.
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|
We record
reductions to
revenue for
estimated sales
returns at the time
of shipment. Sales
returns are
estimated based on
historical sales
returns, changes in
customer demand,
current trends, and
our expectations
regarding future
experience.
Reductions to
revenue associated
with sales returns
include
consideration of
historical sales
levels, the timing
and magnitude of
historical sales
returns and a
projection of this
experience into the
future.
We analyze accounts
receivable and
historical bad
debts, customer
concentrations,
customer solvency,
current economic
and geographical
trends, and changes
in customer payment
terms and practices
when evaluating the
adequacy of current
and future
allowance.
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We monitor and
analyze the
accuracy of sales
returns estimate by
reviewing actual
returns and adjust
it for future
expectations to
determine the
adequacy of our
current and future
reserve needs. Our
reserve levels have
been sufficient to
cover actual
returns and have
not required
material changes in
subsequent periods.
We monitor and
analyze the
accuracy of
allowance for
doubtful accounts
estimate by
reviewing past
collectability and
adjust it for
future expectations
to determine the
adequacy of our
current and future
allowance. Our
reserve levels have
generally been
sufficient to cover
credit losses.
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Our allowance for
doubtful accounts
as of April 30,
2006 was $2.4
million, compared
to $5.4 million as
of April 30, 2005.
During the year
ended April 30,
2006, we reduced
our reserve by $1.5
million due to
overall improvement
in our collections
history. However,
if the financial
condition of our
customers were to
deteriorate,
resulting in an
impairment of their
ability to make
payments,
additional
allowances may be
required.
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|
While we currently
have no
expectations for
significant changes
to these reserves,
if actual future
returns and
allowances differ
from past
experience,
additional
allowances may be
required. |
1
Attachment A
Question 2 Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies (Planned revisions are underlined)
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Why the estimate bears |
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How did the Company |
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Accuracy of past |
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How did past estimate |
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Reasonably likely future |
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risk of change |
|
arrived at the estimate |
|
estimate |
|
change |
|
changes |
Valuation of
Goodwill and
Intangibles
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|
Triggering events
for impairment
reviews may be
indicators such as
adverse industry or
economic trends,
restructuring
actions, lower
projections of
profitability, or a
sustained decline
in our market
capitalization.
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|
The allocation
process requires
extensive use of
estimates and
assumptions,
including estimates
of future cash
flows expected to
be generated by the
acquired assets.
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|
In fiscal 2006 and
2005, we performed
such evaluation and
found no
impairment.
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|
We periodically
review the
estimated remaining
useful lives of our
other intangible
assets.
During fiscal 2006,
we adjusted
goodwill by $3.5
million and $2.1
million relating to
the tax benefits
associated with the
subsequent exercise
of previously
vested assumed
Spinnaker and Decru
options,
respectively.
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|
Estimated future
adjustments to
goodwill related to
the tax benefits
associated with
subsequent exercise
of previously
vested assumed
options by previous
acquisitions are
approximately $8.4
million, subject to
future
cancellations
relating to
employee
terminations.
In addition, a
reduction in the
estimate of
remaining useful
life could result
in accelerated
amortization
expense or a
write-down in
future periods. As
such, any future
write-downs of
these assets would
adversely affect
our gross and
operating margins.
We currently do not
foresee changes to
useful lives or
write-downs to
these assets. |
2
Attachment A
Question 2 Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies (Planned revisions are underlined)
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Why the estimate bears |
|
How did the Company |
|
Accuracy of past |
|
How did past estimate |
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Reasonably likely future |
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risk of change |
|
arrived at the estimate |
|
estimate |
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change |
|
changes |
Accounting for
Income Tax
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The ability to maintain
our current effective tax
rate is contingent upon
existing tax laws in both
the U.S. and the
respective countries in
which our international
subsidiaries are located.
Future changes in
domestic or international
tax laws could affect the
continued realization of
the tax benefits we are
currently receiving and
expect to receive from
international business.
In addition, a decrease
in the percentage of our
total earnings from our
international business or
in the mix of
international business
among particular tax
jurisdictions could
increase our overall
effective tax rate.
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|
We account for income
taxes in accordance with
SFAS No. 109, Accounting
for Income
Taxes. SFAS No. 109
requires that deferred
tax assets and
liabilities be
recognized for the
effect of temporary
differences between the
carrying amounts of
assets and liabilities
for financial reporting
purposes and the amounts
used for income tax
purposes. SFAS No. 109
also requires that
deferred tax assets be
reduced by a valuation
allowance if it is more
likely than not that
some or all of the
deferred tax asset will
not be realized.
We have provided a
valuation allowance of
$431.2 million as of
April 30, 2006 on the
deferred tax attributes
associated with the
exercise of employee
stock options (primarily
credits and net
operating loss
carryforwards) because
these amounts
have not
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The provision for
income taxes have not
changed significantly
from our estimates.
Further tax provision
adjustments are not
expected, but are
possible in the event
our interpretation of
tax legislation differs
from that of the tax
authorities.
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The provision for
income taxes have not
changed significantly
from our estimates.
Further tax provision
adjustments are not
expected, but are
possible in the event
our interpretation of
tax legislation differs
from that of the tax
authorities.
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Beginning with the fiscal
year 2007 implementation of
FAS 123R, we will experience
adverse impacts to our
effective tax rates in the
event that we determine that
our APIC pool as of the
beginning of fiscal year
2007 is not sufficient to
cover the impact of future
stock compensation
deductions.
We have been notified of
examinations in the U.S. and
several foreign tax
jurisdictions. The rights
to some of our intellectual
property (IP) is owned by
certain of our foreign
subsidiaries, and payments
are made between foreign and
U.S. tax jurisdictions
relating to the use of this
IP. Recently, some other
companies have had their
foreign IP arrangements
challenged as part of an
examination. Our management
does not believe, based upon
information currently known
to us that the final
resolution of any of our
audits will have a material
adverse effect upon our
consolidated financial
position and the |
3
Attachment A
Question 2 Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies (Planned revisions are underlined)
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Why the estimate bears |
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How did the Company |
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Accuracy of past |
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How did past estimate |
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Reasonably likely future |
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risk of change |
|
arrived at the estimate |
|
estimate |
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change |
|
changes |
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been realized as a
reduction of current
taxes payable.
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results of
operations and cash flows. |
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We based our provision
for income taxes on the
expected tax treatment
of transactions recorded
in our financial
statements. In
determining our
provision for income
taxes, we interpret tax
legislation in a number
of jurisdictions. |
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4
Attachment A
Question 2 Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies (Planned revisions are underlined)
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|
Why the estimate bears |
|
How did the Company |
|
Accuracy of past |
|
How did past estimate |
|
Reasonably likely future |
|
|
risk of change |
|
arrived at the estimate |
|
estimate |
|
change |
|
changes |
Inventory
write-downs
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|
Although we strive
for accuracy in our
forecasts of future
product demand, any
significant
unanticipated
changes in demand
or technological
developments could
have a significant
impact on the value
of our inventory
and commitments,
and our reported
results.
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|
We perform an in
depth excess and
obsolete analysis
of our inventory
based upon
assumptions about
future demand and
market conditions.
We adjust the
inventory value
based on estimated
excess and obsolete
inventories
determined
primarily by future
demand forecasts.
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|
Although we strive
for accuracy in our
forecasts of future
product demand, any
significant
unanticipated
changes in demand
or technological
developments could
have a significant
impact on the value
of our inventory
and commitments,
and our reported
results.
During the past few
years, our
inventory reserves
have been
sufficient to cover
excess and obsolete
exposure and have
not required
material changes in
subsequent periods.
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During the past
few years, our
inventory reserves
have generally been
sufficient to cover
excess and obsolete
exposure.
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We engage in
extensive, ongoing
product quality
programs and
processes,
including actively
monitoring and
evaluating the
quality of our
component
suppliers. We also
provide for the
estimated cost of
known product
failures based on
known quality
issues when they
arise. Should
actual cost of
product failure
differ from our
estimates,
revisions to the
estimated liability
would be required.
We are subject to a
number of federal,
state, local and
foreign
environmental
regulations
relating to the
use, storage,
discharge and
disposal of
hazardous chemicals
used during our
manufacturing
process or
requiring design
changes or
recycling of
products we
manufacture.
We will
continue to monitor
our environmental
compliance and
could incur
substantial costs
including
additional reserves
for excess
component
inventory. |
5
Attachment A
Question 2 Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies (Planned revisions are underlined)
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Why the estimate bears |
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How did the Company |
|
Accuracy of past |
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How did past estimate |
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Reasonably likely future |
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risk of change |
|
arrived at the estimate |
|
estimate |
|
change |
|
changes |
Restructuring
Accruals
|
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Our estimates
involve a number of
risks and
uncertainties, some
of which are beyond
our control,
including future
real estate market
conditions and our
ability to
successfully enter
into subleases or
lease termination
agreements with
terms as favorable
as those assumed
when arriving at
our estimates.
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|
In recording
severance reserves,
we accrue a
liability when the
following
conditions have
been met:
employees rights
to receive
compensation is
attributable to
employees services
already rendered;
the obligation
relates to rights
that vest or
accumulate; payment
of the compensation
is probable; and
the amount can be
reasonably
estimated. In
recording
facilities lease
restructuring
reserve, we make
various
assumptions,
including the time
period over which
the facilities are
expected to be
vacant, expected
sublease terms,
expected sublease
rates, anticipated
future operating
expenses, and
expected future use
of the facilities.
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|
Our fiscal 2006
estimate for the
facility
restructuring
reserve was $2.7
million which
included a $1.0
million adjustment
due to the
execution of new
sublease agreement
for our Tewksbury
facility and
related cost.
|
|
Our fiscal 2006
estimate for the
facility
restructuring
reserve was $2.7
million which
included a $1.0
million adjustment
due to the
execution of new
sublease agreement
for our Tewksbury
facility and
related cost.
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We regularly
evaluate a number
of factors to
determine the
appropriateness and
reasonableness of
our restructuring
and lease loss
accruals including
the various
assumptions noted
above. If actual
results differ
significantly from
our estimates, we
may be required to
adjust our
restructuring and
lease loss accruals
in the future. |
6
Attachment A
Question 2 Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies (Planned revisions are underlined)
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Why the estimate bears |
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How did the Company |
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Accuracy of past |
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How did past estimate |
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Reasonably likely future |
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risk of change |
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arrived at the estimate |
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estimate |
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changes |
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change |
Impairment Losses
on Investments
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Because we have the
ability to hold
these investments
until maturity, we
would not expect
any significant
decline in value of
our investments
caused by market
interest changes.
For publicly traded
investments,
impairment is
determined based
upon the specific
facts and
circumstances
present at the
time, including
factors such as
current economic
and market
conditions, the
credit rating of
the securitys
issuer, the length
of time an
investments fair
value has been
below our carrying
value, and our
ability and intent
to hold investments
to maturity.
For non-marketable
equity securities,
the impairment
analysis requires
the identification
of events or
circumstances that
would likely have a
significant adverse
effect on the fair
value of the
investment,
including, revenue
and earnings
trends, overall
|
|
For publicly traded
investments,
impairment is
determined based
upon the specific
facts and
circumstances
present at the
time, including
factors such as
current economic
and market
conditions, the
credit rating of
the securitys
issuer, the length
of time an
investments fair
value has been
below our carrying
value, and our
ability and intent
to hold investments
to maturity.
For non-marketable
equity securities,
the impairment
analysis requires
the identification
of events or
circumstances that
would likely have a
significant adverse
effect on the fair
value of the
investment,
including, revenue
and earnings
trends, overall
business prospects,
limited capital
resources, limited
prospects of
receiving
additional
financing, limited
prospects for
liquidity of the
related
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We have no
impairment losses
on our
available-for-sale
investment or
investment in
privately held
companies for
fiscal 2006, 2005
and 2004.
We have not
identified any of
these declines to
be other than
temporary as market
declines of our
investments have
been caused by
interest rate
changes and were
not due to credit
worthiness.
Because we have the
ability to hold
these investments
until maturity, we
would not expect
any significant
decline in value of
our investments
caused by market
interest rate
changes.
|
|
We have no
impairment losses
on our
available-for-sale
investment or
investment in
privately held
companies for
fiscal 2006, 2005
and 2004.
|
|
We have not
identified any of
these declines to
be other than
temporary as market
declines of our
investments have
been caused by
interest rate
changes and were
not due to credit
worthiness.
Because we have the
ability to hold
these investments
until maturity, we
would not expect
any significant
decline in value of
our investments
caused by market
interest rate
changes. |
7
Attachment A
Question 2 Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies (Planned revisions are underlined)
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|
Why the estimate bears |
|
How did the Company |
|
Accuracy of past |
|
How did past estimate |
|
Reasonably likely future |
|
|
risk of change |
|
arrived at the estimate |
|
estimate |
|
changes |
|
change |
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business prospects,
limited capital
resources, limited
prospects of
receiving
additional
financing, limited
prospects for
liquidity of the
related securities
and general market
conditions in the
investees
industry.
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securities
and general market
conditions in the
investees
industry.
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8
Attachment A
Question 2 Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies (Planned revisions are underlined)
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|
Why the estimate bears |
|
How did the Company |
|
Accuracy of past |
|
How did past estimate |
|
Reasonably likely future |
|
|
risk of change |
|
arrived at the estimate |
|
estimate |
|
changes |
|
change |
Accounting for
Stock -Based
compensation
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Option pricing
models require the
input of highly
subjective
assumptions,
including the
expected stock
price volatility,
expected life and
forfeiture rate.
As of May 1, 2006,
the contractual
life of our stock
options has been
shortened to seven
years from ten
years for options
issued on or after
this date, and to
the extent that the
shorter life
changes employees
exercise behavior,
it may change the
expected term of an
option going
forward.
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|
The fair value of
each option grant
is estimated on the
date of grant using
the Black-Scholes
option pricing
model, and is not
remeasured as a
result of
subsequent stock
price fluctuations.
Option pricing
models require the
input of highly
subjective
assumptions,
including the
expected stock
price volatility,
expected life and
forfeiture rate.
We have chosen to
base our estimate
of future
volatility using
the implied
volatility of
traded options to
purchase the
Companys common
stock as permitted
by SAB 107.
SFAS No. 123R
requires us to use
estimated
forfeitures, and
therefore, the
adoption of SFAS
No. 123R could have
a material impact
on the timing of
and, based on the
accuracy of
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Not applicable.
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Not applicable.
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SFAS No. 123R
requires us to use
estimated
forfeitures, and
therefore, the
required adoption
of SFAS No. 123R
could have a
material impact on
the timing of and,
based on the
accuracy of
estimates of future
actual forfeiters,
the amount of stock
compensation
expense.
Likewise, the
shortening of the
contractual life of
our options could
change the
estimated exercise
behaviors in a
manner other than
currently expected.
We currently
estimate that the
impact of adopting
SFAS 123R on our
fiscal year ending
April 30, 2007 will
be between $0.33
and $0.40 per
share. |
9
Attachment A
Question 2 Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies (Planned revisions are underlined)
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|
Why the estimate bears |
|
How did the Company |
|
Accuracy of past |
|
How did past estimate |
|
Reasonably likely future |
|
|
risk of change |
|
arrived at the estimate |
|
estimate |
|
changes |
|
change |
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estimates of future
actual forfeitures,
the amount of stock
compensation
expense.
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10
Attachment A
Question 2 Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies (Planned revisions are underlined)
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|
|
Why the estimate bears |
|
How did the Company |
|
Accuracy of past |
|
How did past estimate |
|
Reasonably likely future |
|
|
risk of change |
|
arrived at the estimate |
|
estimate |
|
changes |
|
change |
Loss Contingencies
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We are subject to
the possibility of
various loss
contingencies
arising in the
course of business.
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We consider the
likelihood of the
loss or impairment
of an asset or the
incurrence of a
liability as well
as our ability to
reasonably estimate
the amount of loss
in determining loss
contingencies.
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In fiscal 2006,
2005 and 2004, we
did not accrue any
loss contingencies.
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In fiscal 2006,
2005 and 2004, we
did not accrue any
loss contingencies
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We regularly
evaluate current
information
available to us to
determine whether
such accruals
should be adjusted. |
11